Emulsions of cellulose oxalate from Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) bark and dissolving pulp

Abstract Tree bark is normally a side-stream product but by an integrated biorefinery approach, valuable compounds may be recovered and used to replace fossil-based products. Norway spruce was extracted obtain cellulose, which chemically treated produce cellulose oxalate (COX) homogenized yield nanocellulose. The nanocellulose Pickering emulsions with almond oil hexadecane as organic phases. COX from dissolving pulp study the effect of various raw materials on emulsifying properties. samples contained significant amount hemicelluloses, affected viscosity results. emulsion properties were phases aspect ratio. Emulsions using more stable than oil. Since ratio lower that pulp, better. It has been shown both promising substitute for petroleum-based emulsifiers surfactants. By utilizing bark, value-added products can produced economically beneficial industries in future their aim climate-neutral